DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY - DRT10

	Eligibility	:	10TH		
	Programme Duration	:	3 Years		
	Programme Objectives	:	Radiography is the art and science of producing medical		
			images using x-radiation. Technologists produce images for		
			the radiologists interpretation to aid in medical diagnoses.		
			The program prepares you, under the direction of a medical		
			specialist (radiologist), to work in the hospital medical		
			imaging department, at the patient’s bedside, in the operating		
			room  or  Emergency  or  in  private  imaging  clinics.Our		
			Diploma program in Radiography Technology has been		
			designed to integrate the academic environment with the		
			clinical setting. We are one of the few premium institutes in		
			India to offer this program.		
	Job Prospects	:	Upon successful completion of the Diploma you can explore		
			a career as a radiologist technician. You will  find ample		
			opportunities in Hospitals, Clinics and Doctors’ offices.		
			You may further pursue a bachelor’s degree to continue your		
			education and specialize. Common job profiles of students		
			after completing DRT include: Technician in Hospitals,		
			Nursing Homes and Diagnostic Labs		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

YEAR I

		Theory/	Continues			
Course Code	Course Title		Assessment	Credits		
		Practical				
			(Internals)			
						
THEORY	Communication For Professionals	70	30	4		
						
THEORY	Basic Human Anatomy &	70	30	5		
	Physiology					

THEORY	Basic Biochemistry	70	30	5		
						
THEORY	Basic Microbiology	70	30	5		
						
THEORY	Radiation Physics and Modern	70	30	5		
	Imaging Techniques					

PRACTICAL	Basic Human Anatomy &	35	15	1		
	Physiology					

PRACTICAL	Radiation Physics and Modern	35	15	1		
	Imaging Techniques					

PRACTICAL	Basic Microbiology	35	15	1		
						
PRACTICAL	Hospital Training 45 Days after	200		1		
	final examinations					

			TOTAL	28		
						
YEAR II						
						
		Theory/	Continues			
Course Code	Course Title		Assessment	Credits		
		Practical				
			(Internals)			
						
THEORY	Fundamentals of Computer	70	30	4		
	Science					

THEORY	Basics of Radiation Physics	70	30	5		
						
THEORY	Radiation Physics and Modern	70	30	5		
	Imaging Techniques					

THEORY	Radiography and Dark Room	70	30	5		
	Techniques					

THEORY	Human Anatomy & Physiology	70	30	5		
						
PRACTICAL	Radiation Physics and Modern	35	15	1		
	Imaging Techniques					

PRACTICAL	Radiographic and Dark Room	35	15	1		
	Techniques					

PRACTICAL	Human Anatomy & Physiology	35	15	1		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

PRACTICAL	Hospital Training 45 days after	200		1		
	final examination					

			TOTAL	28		
						
YEAR III						
						
		Theory/	Continues			
Course Code	Course Title		Assessment	Credits		
		Practical				
			(Internals)			
						
THEORY	Environmental & Bio Medical	70	30	4		
	Waste Management					

THEORY	Patient care relevant to	70	30	5		
	Diagnostic Radiology					

THEORY	Quality Assurance in Diagnostic	70	30	5		
	Radiology					

THEORY	Radiation Hazards Prevention and	70	30	5		
	Safety					

THEORY	General Principles of Hospital	70	30	5		
	Practice and Patient Care					

PRACTICAL	Patient care relevant to	35	15	1		
	Diagnostic Radiology					

PRACTICAL	Quality Assurance in Diagnostic	35	15	1		
	Radiology					

PRACTICAL	Radiation Hazards, Control and	35	15	1		
	Safety					

PRACTICAL	Hospital Training 45 days after	200		1		
	final examination					

			TOTAL	28		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

DETAILED SYLLABUS

INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD: Personal contact programmes, Lectures (virtual and in-person), Assignments, Labs and Discussions, Learning projects, Industrial Training Programmes and Dissertation.

YEAR I

COMMUNICATION FOR PROFESSIONALS

UNIT				CONTENTS				
			
	Parts of speech - (definition of all the sight parts along with examples and their use in		
	language), definite and indefinite articles (a. an and the), definition and its uses along with		
	examples and personal, reflexive, emphatic, demonstrative, relative, indefinite, interrogative		
	and distributive pronouns, the noun (defining noun along with types and categories), gender,		
	number case, the adjective, comparison, adjective used as nouns, positions of the adjective		
1.	and its correct use of adjectives, the verb definition. its forms, verbs of incomplete		
	predication, phrases (defining it along with examples), adjective, adverb and noun phrase		
	and clauses (defining it along with examples), adverb, adjective and noun clauses, the		
	sentence and its types, simple, compound and complex, subject and predicate (parts of a		
	sentence), transformation of sentences, active and passive voice, mood and narration (direct		
	and indirect speeches).						
			
2.	Words and phrases - word formation (prefix, suffix), idioms, synonyms and antonyms,		
	phonetics, speech sound, the phoneme, the syllable and IPA transcription.			

	Business correspondence, paragraph writing, introductory remarks, principles, the writing of		
3.	single paragraphs and precise writing, letter writing, quotations, orders and tenders, inviting		
	and sending quotations, placing orders and inviting tenders.				
								
4.	Notices,	agenda and	minutes,	application letter, importance	and function,	drafting the		
	application, elements structure, preparing cvs.				

5.	Applied grammar - correct usage, the structure of sentences, the structure of paragraphs,		
	enlargements of vocabulary.					

6.	Written	composition,	precise	writing  and  summarizing,	writing  of	bibliography,		
	enlargement of vocabulary.					

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	English Grammar and Composition Wren and Martin. S. Chand & Company Ltd. 

B.	Intermediate English Grammar; Raymond Murphy Pub: Foundation Books, New Delhi 

C.	Eng. Grammar usage and Composition; Tickoo & Subramanian Pub: S. Chand and Co. 

D.	Living Eng. Structure; Standard Alien. 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

	BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY		
			
UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
1.	The Human Body - Definitions, sub-divisions of Anatomy, Terms of location and position,		
	fundamental planes, vertebrate structure of man, organization of the body cells, Tissues.		

	The Skeletal System - Types of bones, structure and growth of bones, Division of the		
2.	skeleton Appendicle skeleton, axial skeleton name of all the bones and their parts. Joints		
	classification, types of movements with examples.		
			
	Anatomy of Circulatory System - Heart Size, position coverings, chambers, Blood supply,		
3.	never supply, the blood vessels, general plan of circulation, pulmonary circulation, Names		
	of arteries and veins and their position - lymphatic system general plan.		
			
4.	Anatomy of the respiratory System - Organs of respiratory, Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree,		
	Respiratory portion, Pleurae and lungs, Brief knowledge of parts and position.		

	Anatomy of the Digestive System - Components of digestive system, Alimentary tube,		
5.	anatomy of organs of digestive tube, mouth, tongue, tooth, salivary glands, liver, bleary		
	apparatus, pancreas, names and position and brief functions.		
			
	Anatomy of the Nervous System - Central nervous system, The Brain, hind brain, midbrain,		
6.	forebrain, brief structure, locations, and peripheral nervous system, Spiral card, Anatomy,		
	functions, reflex – Arc, ménages. Injuries to spinal card and brain.		
			
	Anatomy of the endocrine system - Name of all endocrine glands their position, hormones,		
7.	and their functions– pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads & islets of		
	pancreas.		
			
	Anatomy of Excretory system and reproductive system - Kidneys location, gross structure,		
8.	excretory ducts, urethras, urinary bladder, urethra, Male reproductive system, Testis, duct		
	system, Female reproductive system, Ovaries Duct system, accessory organs.		
			
	Blood - Definitions, composition, properties and function of Blood, Haemogram (RBC,		
	WBC, Platelet count, HB concentrations), Function of plasma proteins Haemopoiesis,		
9.	Blood Group – ABO and RH grouping, Coagulation & Anticoagulants, Anemia causes		
	effects & treatment, Body fluid compartments, composition, Immunity Lymphoid tissue,		
			
	Clotting factors, mechanism of blood clotting, Disorders of white blood cells, Disorders of		
	platelets, Disorders of clotting.		
			
	Cardio vascular system - Function of cardiovascular system, Structure of cardiovascular		
10.	system, Cardiac cycle, functional tissue of heart & their function, Cardiac output, E.C.G.,		
	blood pressure, Heart Rate.		
			
	Respiratory system - Function of respiratory system, functional (physiological), Anatomy of		
11.	Respiratory system, Mechanism of respiration, lung volumes & capacities, Transport of		
	respiratory gases.		
			
	Digestive system - Function of digestive system, functional Anatomy of digestive system,		
12.	composition  and  functions  of  all  digestive  juices,  Movements  of  digestive  system		
	(intestine), Digestion & absorption of carbohydrate, proteins & fats.		
			
	Muscle Nerve Physiology - Type of muscle, structure of skeletal muscle, Sarcomere,		
13.	Neuromuscular junction & transmission, Excitation and contraction coupling (mechanism of		
	contraction).		
			
14.	Structure and function of skin - body temperature, fever, regulation of temperature.		
			
	Excretory system - Excretory organs, kidneys, function, Nephron, Juxta Glomerular		
15.	apparatus, renal circulation, mechanism of urine formation, mechanism of micturition,		
	cystometrogram, diuretics, artificial kidney.		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Text books of Physiology. Author : Guyton (Arthor C). Prism publishers Bangalore. 

B.	Human Physiology. Author : Chaterjee (cc). Medical allied agency 

C.	Concise Medical physiology. Author : Choudhary (Sujit km.). New central books Kolkata. 

D.	Review Medical physiology. Author : Ganang. Application and Lange. 

	BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY		
			
UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
	Introduction to medical lab technology - General introduction role of medical lab		
1.	technologist’s ethics, responsibility safety measures and first aid, Cleaning and care of		
	general laboratory glassware and equipments.		
2.	Distilled water - Types of distilled water plants preparation & storages.		
			
3.	Analytical balance - principle & maintenance, preparation of reagents.		
			
4.	Standard Solutions - Various std, solutions used their preparation & storage of chemicals.		
			
5.	Units of measurements - S.I. units, Definitions conversions, Measurement of volume,		
	Strength Normality.		
			
6.	Molarity, Molality: volumetric apparatus calibration of volumetric apparatus.		
			
7.	Carbohydrate - Definition, classification, functions, properties and osazone formation.		
			
8.	Proteins and amino acids - Definition, classification, functions and chemical reactions.		
			
9.	Nucleic acids - Definition, types and functions.		
			
10.	Lipids - Definition, Classification, function of lipids and lipoproteins.		
			
11.	Enzyme - Definition, classification, factors affecting enzyme action, inhibition Diagnostic		
	importance of enzymes and isoenzymes.		
			
12.	Carbohydrate metabolism - Definition and importance of Glycolysis, Glycogeniesis,		
	Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Kreb’s cycle, Cori;s Cycle.		
			
13.	Blood glucose regulation - glycosuria, glucose tolerance tests, protein metabolism.		
			
14.	Deamination and Transamination and Urea formation.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Reading 1 ………… 

B.	Reading 2……………… 

BASIC MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT	CONTENTS	

1.	Introduction and Brief History of microbiology - Definition History and relationship of 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

	micro org. to man Safety measures in microbiology.									
			
	Culture media - Preparation of various media, Standardization and use Sterilization,		
2.	Definition, Different methods and principles-Moist heat dry heat Radiation & filtration,		
	Autoclave-its structure functioning control & indicators .								
3.	Antiseptics	and disinfectants -	Definition types,	mode	of	action & properties,	uses	of		
	disinfectant & antiseptics, testing efficiency.											
												
4.	Glassware - Description of glassware its use handling and care.						
5.	Principle of Grams & AFB staining,											
												
6.	Aerobic and anaerobic culture methods.											
										
7.	General characters and nature	of antigen	and	antibody,	Principle	of	antigen	antibody		
	reaction.														
															
8.	Collection	transportation	and	processing	of	clinical	samples	for	microbiological		
	investigations.													
														
9.	Laboratory	organization	management  recording	of	results  and	quality  control	in		
	microbiology.													
														
10.	Introduction to virology, physiochemical characteristics of viruses.						
						
11.	General characters and classification of protozoa of medical importance.					
			
	Systemic microbiology - identification of bacteria micrococci, staphylococci, pneumococci,		
	corynebacteria, Escherichia coli, klebseilla, enterobacter, proteus, providencia salmonella,		
12.	shigella,  Arizona,  citrobactor,  Yesinia,  pseudomonas,  vibrio  cholera,  haemophilus,		
	mycobacteria,  buccella,  bordetella,  bacillus,  clostridia,  anaerobic  cocci,  neisseria,		
	treponema, borrelia leptospria, mycoplasma, rickettsia, Chlamydia, tric agents.				

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Reading 1 ………… 

B.	Reading 2………… 

RADIATION PHYSICS AND MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES

UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
	Radiography - Primary radiological image produced by contrast media Attenuation Linear		
1	and mass attenuation coefficient Factors affecting attenuation application in radiology		
	Filters inherent and added filters, Heavy metal filters-X-ray beam restrictor aperture		
			
	diaphragm cones and cylinder collimators function of restrictors.		
2	Scattered radiation - significance of scatter Grid principle design and type evaluation of grid		
	performance lead content Grid cut off moving grids Grid selection air gap technique.		
			
	Direct fluoroscope Image intensifier design brightness gain Imaging characteristics multi		
3	field  image  intensifiers  Close  circuit  television  scanning  television  image  quality		
	Fluoroscopic image recorder TV image records.		
	Radiographic Image - Image clarity contract factor affecting contrast Image quality mottle		
4	sharpness and resolution Line spread function Modulation transfer function Noise and		
	wiener spectrum, Magnification distortion penumbra un sharpness inverse square law		
			
	evaluation of resolution quantum mottle patient exposure.		
	Body section radiography - Basic method of tomography terminology blurring section		
5	thickness narrow and wild angle tomography circular tomography topographic motions		
	phantom image tomography angel determination.		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY-(P)

UNIT	CONTENTS	

1	Practical’s related to anatomy & physiology such as knowledge of surface anatomy of human body, Identification of bones and parts on x-ray film as radiological anatomy. 

Preparing of charts of human all systems & structures of human body, Identification and 

2	knowledge of pathological specimens, Visit of anatomy & pathology museum. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Text books of Anatomy. Author: Guyton (Arthor C). Prism publishers Bangalore. 

B.	Human Physiology. Author: Chaterjee (cc). Medical allied agency 

RADIATION PHYSICS AND MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES –

(P)

UNIT		CONTENTS		
			
	Practical of measuring instruments, ionisation chamber, TLD measuring technique, Focal		
	spot measurement,	KV measurement, linearity of mA station, Tube centring, Radiographic		
1	tech. of whole body, all sp. Investigations imaging, etc. Radiographic tech, of whole body,		
	all sp. Investigations imaging, etc., table top dose measurement in fluoroscopy,  image		
			
	distortion of IITV, leakage of radiation through lead flaps, radiation level measurement		
	during tube above table and below table, removal of grids.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

	BASIC MICROBIOLOGY– (P)		
			
UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
1.	Compound Microscope.		
			
2.	Demonstration and sterilization of equipments – Hot Air oven, Autoclave, Bacterial filters.		
			
3.	Demonstration of commonly used culture media, Nutrient broth, Nutrient agar, Blood agar,		
			
4.	Chocolate agar, Macconkey medium, LJ media, Robertson Cooked meat media, Potassium		
	Telluride media with growth, Macconkey medium with LF & NLF, NA with staph.		
			
5.	Antibiotic susceptibility test		
			
6.	Demonstration of common serological tests – Widal, VRDL, ELISA.		
			
7.	Grams staining		
			
8.	Acid Fast staining		
			
9.	Stool exam for Helminth ova		
			
10.	Visit to hospital for demonstration of biomedical waste management.		
			
11.	Anaerobic culture methods.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Reading 1 ………… 

B.	Reading 2……………… 

HOSPITAL TRAINING AFTER THE FINAL EXAMINATION 45

DAYS

YEAR II

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIT		CONTENTS			
					
1.	Computer Application -	Characteristic of computers, Input, output, storage units,	CPU,		
	Computers system.				

2.	Computers  Organization	-  Central  Processing  Unit,  Control  Unit,  Arithmetic	Unit,		
	Instruction Set, Register, Processor Speed.			

3.	Memory - Main Memory, Storage Evaluation Criteria, Memory Organization, Memory		
	Capacity, Random Access Memories, Read Only Memory, Secondary Storage Devices,		
	Magnetic Disk, Floppy and Hard Disk, Optical Disks CD-ROM, Mass Storages Devices.		
			
4.	Input Devices - Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner, Optical Mark Reader, Bar-		
	code reader, Magnetic ink character reader, Digitizer, Card reader, Voice recognition, Web		

		DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS		

cam, Video Cameras.

5.	Output Devices - Monitors, Printers, Dot Matrix Printers, Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers, 

Plotters, Computers Output Micro Files (Com), Multimedia Projector. 

Operating System - Microsoft Windows, An overview of different version of windows, 

6.	Basic windows elements, File managements through windows, Using essential accessories: system tools Disk cleanup Disk defragmenter, Entertainments, Games, Calculator, Imagine-Fax, Notepad, paint, Word Pad, Recycle bin, windows Explorer, Creating folders icons. 

Word Processing - Word processing concepts, Saving, closing opening and existing documents, Selecting text, edition text, Finding and replacing text, Printing documents, 

7.	Creating and printing merged documents, Mail merge, Character and paragraph formatting, page designs and layout, Editing and proofing tools checking and correcting spelling, Handling graphics, Creating tables and charts, Documents templates and wizards. 

Presentation Package - Creating opening and saving presentations, Creating the look of your presentation, Working in different views working with slides, Adding and formatting text, 

8.	formatting paragraphs, Checking spelling and correcting typing mistakes, Making notes pages and handouts, Drawing and working with objectives, Adding clip art and other pictures, Designing slides shows, Running and controlling a slid show, Printing Presentations. 

9.	Use of Internet and Email, Internet, Websites (Internet Sites), The Mail protocol suite. 

Hospital Management system - Types and Uses, Hospital Management & System Package, 

10.	Advanced Hospital Management System, X O Hospital Management System, LCS Hospital Management Information System, NVISH Hospital Management System, CSPM-Hospital Management System. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Foundations of computing first edition, 2002 : P.K. Sinha and P. Sinha. 

B.	Microsoft office 2000 for window, second Indian Print, person education S. Sagman. 

BASICS OF RADIATION PHYSICS

UNIT				CONTENTS				
			
	Dosimeter and Radiation Biology - Radiation units, Exposure Coulombs/kg, Air Kerma-		
1	gray  absorbed	dose-gray,	equivalent  dose-sievert,	Effective  dose-sievert,  Interaction		
	mechanisms, Lionization excitation free radicals, Introduction to concept of linear energy		
			
	transfer (LET).								
								
2	Interactions  of	charged	particles  interaction	of	electromagnetic	radiation  Neutron		
	interactions. Introduction	to	thermography and microwave equipment and interactions.		
	Optical interaction ultra sound interactions.					
			
	Basic concepts of electromagnetic radiation - Electromagnetic waves Relationship between		
3	frequency and	wavelength	The electromagnetic	spectrum sources	of Electromagnetic		
	radiation. Risks from occupational exposure-public, occupational exposure of pregnant		
			
	women. Diagnostic reference levels (DRL)					
			
4	Basics of NMR and MRI - Basic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) nuclear magnetic		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

moments effect of external magnetic field, Nuclear precession. Equilibrium magnetization significance of Radio frequency (RF) pulse OIMR) and microwave (EPR) Equipment, Resonance and larmor frequency. Free induction Decay (FID)
5	Radiation detectors - Radiation protection-biological aspects, Measurement of detriment, 

ICRP frame work of radiological protection. 

Nuclear  medicine  In  vitro  and  in  vivo  testing  gamma  rays  for  imaging  radio

6	pharmaceuticals, Preparation and quality control chemistry and radio pharmacology of radionuclide’s gamma Camera SPECT PET. 

Ultrasound  in  medicine-Ultrasound  imaging  generation  and  detection  of  ultrasound

7	propagation choice of frequency A-scan B-scan M-mode imaging and echo cardiography Use of Doppler techniques for blood flow etc. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	First year Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

D.	Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology-Christensen. 

RADIATION PHYSICS AND MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES

UNIT		CONTENTS		
			
	Radiography - Primary radiological image produced by contrast media Attenuation Linear		
1	and mass attenuation coefficient Factors affecting attenuation application in radiology		
	Filters inherent and added filters, Heavy metal filters-X-ray beam restrictor aperture		
			
	diaphragm cones and cylinder collimators function of restrictors.		
			
2	Scattered radiation - significance of scatter Grid principle design and type evaluation of grid		
	performance lead content Grid cut off moving grids Grid selection air gap technique.		

	Direct fluoroscope Image intensifier design brightness gain Imaging characteristics multi		
3	field  image  intensifiers  Close  circuit  television  scanning  television  image  quality		
	Fluoroscopic image recorder TV image records.		
			
	Radiographic Image - Image clarity contract factor affecting contrast Image quality mottle		
4	sharpness and	resolution Line spread function Modulation transfer function Noise and		
	wiener spectrum, Magnification distortion penumbra un sharpness inverse square law		
			
	evaluation of resolution quantum mottle patient exposure.		
				
	Body section	radiography - Basic method of tomography terminology blurring section		
5	thickness narrow and wild angle tomography circular tomography topographic motions		
	phantom image tomography angel determination.		
			
6	Mammography - Technical aspects of Mammography generator x-ray tubes Accessories		
	Resolutions quality control Application and role in medicine.		

	Ultrasound - Physical characteristics of sound transducer characteristics of ultrasound beam		
7	interaction of	ultrasound and matter quarter wave matching ultrasonic display imaging		
	principles Doppler technique real the ultrasound instrumentation bio effect and safety		
			
	consideration.			

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

RADIOGRAPHIC AND DARK ROOM TECHNIQUES

UNIT	CONTENTS			
			
1	X-ray materials - Types of emulsion-characteristic and control screen and non-screen films		
	dental films X-ray paper under and over exposure speed contrast.			

2	Intensifying screens - Fluorescence application of fluorescence in	Radiography type of		
	intensifying screens intensifying factors cleaning and general care of screen after glow.		

3	X-ray cassettes- Testing and proving good screen contract general care.		
			
	X-ray developers - Characteristics details and contrast freedom from chemical fog and		
4	staining function and constituent of developer standardization by time and temperature		
	exhaustion of developer replenishes.			
			
5	Powder and liquid solution - medium and high contrast developer ultra rapid development		
	methods automatic processing.			

6	X-ray fixers and fixing - Fixing agents acid and preservative in fixer inclusion of hardener		
	time of fixation silver recovery.			

7	Rinsing washing and drying - Object methods employed method of drying films.		
			
	Processing - Preparation of solution suitable water supply nature of mixing vessels order		
8	missing solutions filtrations making of stock solutions storage of dry chemical storage of		
	solution.			
			
9	Processing apparatus - Processing units hangers care of hangers refrigeration and use of ice.		
				
10	Operation theatre processing, Dish units.			
				
11	Technical and processing faults - Chemical reduction, Chemistry	and characteristics of		
	Farmer’s reducer, local and general application.			

	X-ray Dark Room - Size light proof entrance hatches construction of walls for protection		
	against chemicals and radiation ceiling color schemes water proofing of floors loading		
12	bench designing disposition of processing and necessary equipment for efficient working		
	arrangement of drying cabinets in dark room or in adjacent rooms dark room illumination		
	and testing for safety ventilation.			
				
	The Radiographic Image - Radiographic factors affecting image	contrast and sharpens		
13	variation in  exposure time  in accordance  with quality of  radiation filters  distance		
	intensifying screens grids film speed developer and development.			
			
	Presentation  of  Radiograph  -  Identification  of  film  aspect  for  direct  and  stereo		
	(univeraprimatic) viewing mounting dental films, Accessories, Viewing boxes spot light		
14	illuminator projectors and viewing screens for miniature and cine radiography magnifiers		
	film identification lead letter number actinic marker embossing machine film trimmers		
	corner cutters dental mounts and cutter filling units.			
			
	DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS		

Dark room procedures technique - Dark room adaptation techniques, safe light test, preparation of developer, fixer And its chemistry, design and planning of dark room,

15	processing of exposed films, care of intensifying screens, storage of unexposed films, Accessories of dark room, AFP tech. dry camera and presentation of films etc. Chemistry 

for processing of exposed films manual and automatic processing, care of intensifying screens, storage of unexposed films, AFP tech. and presentation of films etc.

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

	HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY		
			
UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
1.	The Human Body - Definitions, sub-divisions of Anatomy, Terms of location and position,		
	fundamental planes, vertebrate structure of man, organization of the body cells, Tissues.		

	The Skeletal System - Types of bones, structure and growth of bones, Division of the		
2.	skeleton Appendicle skeleton, axial skeleton name of all the bones and their parts. Joints		
	classification, types of movements with examples.		
			
	Anatomy of Circulatory System - Heart Size, position coverings, chambers, Blood supply,		
3.	never supply, the blood vessels, general plan of circulation, pulmonary circulation, Names		
	of arteries and veins and their position - lymphatic system general plan.		
			
4.	Anatomy of the respiratory System - Organs of respiratory, Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree,		
	Respiratory portion, Pleurae and lungs, Brief knowledge of parts and position.		

	Anatomy of the Digestive System - Components of digestive system, Alimentary tube,		
5.	anatomy of organs of digestive tube, mouth, tongue, tooth, salivary glands, liver, bleary		
	apparatus, pancreas, names and position and brief functions.		
			
	Anatomy of the Nervous System - Central nervous system, The Brain, hind brain, midbrain,		
6.	forebrain, brief structure, locations, and peripheral nervous system, Spiral card, Anatomy,		
	functions, reflex – Arc, ménages. Injuries to spinal card and brain.		
			
	Anatomy of the endocrine system - Name of all endocrine glands their position, hormones,		
7.	and their functions– pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads & islets of		
	pancreas.		
			
	Anatomy of Excretory system and reproductive system - Kidneys location, gross structure,		
8.	excretory ducts, urethras, urinary bladder, urethra, Male reproductive system, Testis, duct		
	system, Female reproductive system, Ovaries Duct system, accessory organs.		
			
	Blood - Definitions, composition, properties and function of Blood, Haemogram (RBC,		
	WBC, Platelet count, HB concentrations), Function of plasma proteins Haemopoiesis,		
9.	Blood Group – ABO and RH grouping, Coagulation & Anticoagulants, Anemia causes		
	effects & treatment, Body fluid compartments, composition, Immunity Lymphoid tissue,		
			
	Clotting factors, mechanism of blood clotting, Disorders of white blood cells, Disorders of		
	platelets, Disorders of clotting.		
			
10.	Cardio vascular system - Function of cardiovascular system, Structure of cardiovascular		
	system, Cardiac cycle, functional tissue of heart & their function, Cardiac output, E.C.G.,		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

blood pressure, Heart Rate.

Respiratory system - Function of respiratory system, functional (physiological), Anatomy of

11.	Respiratory system, Mechanism of respiration, lung volumes & capacities, Transport of respiratory gases. 

Digestive system - Function of digestive system, functional Anatomy of digestive system, 

12.	composition and functions of all digestive juices, Movements of digestive system (intestine), Digestion & absorption of carbohydrate, proteins & fats. 

Functions of nervous system - neuron – conduction of impulses, factors effecting, synapse – 

13.	transmission, reception, reflexes, ascending tracts, descending tracts, functions of various parts of the Brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), composition, functions & circulation, lumbar puncture, Autonomic nervous system – and its types function of (ANS). 

Special Senses - Vision – Structure of Eye, function of different parts Refractive errors of 

14.	and correction. Visual pathways, color vision & tests for color blindness. Hearing, structure and function of ear, mechanism of hearing, test for hearing (deafness). 

Muscle Nerve Physiology - Type of muscle, structure of skeletal muscle, Sarcomere, 

15.	Neuromuscular junction & transmission, Excitation and contraction coupling (mechanism of contraction). 

16.	Structure and function of skin - body temperature, fever, regulation of temperature. 

Excretory system - Excretory organs, kidneys, function, Nephron, Juxta Glomerular

17.	apparatus, renal circulation, mechanism of urine formation, mechanism of micturition, cystometrogram, diuretics, artificial kidney. 

Structure and function of reproductive system - Male reproductive system, Spermatogenesis, testosterone, Female reproductive system, Ovulation, menstrual cycle cogenesis, tests for 

18.	ovulation, estrogen & progesterone, pregnancy test, parturition, contraceptive, Lactation, Composition of milk, advantages of breast feeding. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Text books of Physiology. Author: Guyton (Arthor C). Prism publishers Bangalore. 

B.	Human Physiology. Author: Chaterjee (cc). Medical allied agency 

C.	Concise Medical physiology. Author: Choudhary (Sujit km.). New central books Kolkata. 

D.	Review Medical physiology. Author: Ganang. Application and Lange. 

RADIATION PHYSICS AND MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES –

(P)

UNIT		CONTENTS		
			
	Practical of measuring instruments, ionization chamber, TLD measuring technique, Focal		
	spot measurement,	KV measurement, linearity of mA station, Tube centring, Radiographic		
1	tech. of whole body, all sp. Investigations imaging, etc. Radiographic tech, of whole body,		
	all sp. Investigations imaging, etc., table top dose measurement in fluoroscopy,  image		
			
	distortion of IITV, leakage of radiation through lead flaps, radiation level measurement		
	during tube above table and below table, removal of grids.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

RADIOGRAPHIC AND DARK ROOM TECHNIQUES – (P)

UNIT		CONTENTS		
				
	Dark room adaptation	techniques- safe light test, preparation of developer, fixer And its		
	chemistry, design and planning of dark room, processing of exposed films, care of		
1	intensifying screens, storage of unexposed films, Accessories of dark room, AFP tech, dry		
	camera and presentation of films etc., Chemistry for processing of exposed films manual		
			
	and  automatic processing, care of intensifying screens, storage of unexposed films, AFP		
	tech. and presentation of films etc.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Physics for Radiographer-Hay & Hughes. 

B.	Fundamental of X-ray and Radium Physics-Joseph Selman 

C.	Basic Medical Radiation Physics-Stanton 

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY – (P)

UNIT	CONTENTS	

1	Practical’s related to anatomy & physiology such as knowledge of surface anatomy of human body, Identification of bones and parts on x-ray film as radiological anatomy. 

Preparing of charts of human all systems & structures of human body, Identification and 

2	knowledge of pathological specimens, Visit of anatomy & pathology museum. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Text books of Anatomy. Author : Guyton (Arthor C). Prism publishers Bangalore. 

B.	Human Physiology. Author : Chaterjee (cc). Medical allied agency 

HOSPITAL TRAINING AFTER THE FINAL EXAMINATION 45

DAYS

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

YEAR III

ENVIRONMENTAL & BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
1.	Biotic and Abiotic environment, Adverse effects of Environmental Pollution, Control		
	Strategies, Various Acts and Regulation.		

	Water Pollution, Water Quality Standards for potable water, Surface and underground water		
2.	sources, Impurities in water and their removal, Denomination, Adverse effects of domestic		
	waste water and industrial effluent to surface water sources, Eutrophication of lakes, Self		
			
	purification of steams.		
			
3.	Air  Pollution,  Sources  of  air  contaminations,  Adverse  effects  on  human  health,		
	Measurement of air quality standards and their permissible limits, Measure to check air		
	pollution, Greenhouse effect, Global warming, Acid rain, Ozone depletion.		
			
4.	Bio Medical Waste Management, Introduction to bio medical waste, Type of bio medical		
	waste, Collection of bio medical waste.		

5.	Land Pollution, Soil conservation, Land erosion, Afforestation.		
			
	Ecology, Basics of species, Population dynamics, Energy flow, Ecosystems, Social Issues		
	and the Environment, Sustainable development and Life Styles, Urban problem related to		
6.	energy, Resettlement and Rehabilitation of people, Energy flow, Consumerism and waste		
	products, Water Harvesting and Rural Sanitation, Water harvesting techniques, Different		
			
	schemes of Rural Water Supply in Rajasthan, Rural Sanitation, Septic Tank, Collection and		
	disposal of wastes, Bio-gas, Community Awareness and participation.		
			
7.	Non-Conventional (Renewable) source of energy, Solar energy Wind energy Bio mass		
	energy Hydrogen energy.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Environmental science-Coming ham Saigo. 

B.	Solid waste management-C.L. men tall. 

C.	Environmental Technologies for Sustainable Development Dr. Upendra Pnadel, DR M.P. Poonia. 

PATIENT CARE RELEVANT TO DIAGNOSITIC RADIOLOGY

UNIT	CONTENTS	

Radiological contrast agents - Opaque agents and gases. Relationship of x-ray transmission

1	to density and atomic number of the elements of contrast medium, Type of Barium sulphate solution concentration and its particular uses flavoring agents. 

Lodine preparation - Organic compounds water soluble group significance of iodine content 

2	proprietary preparations iodized oil, Application of various systems of human body Volume 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

Contra indications methods of administration and route.

Sensitivity test side effects and management elimination from the body, Gases Air Oxygen
3	and carbon dioxide application and dangers. 

Emergencies in the x-ray department and management, External defibrillation direct cardiac 

4	massage internal defibrillation complications cardiac arrest respiratory arrest bronchography local anesthetics reactions treatment. 

Special Procedures in diagnosis Radiology - The Gastro intestinal tract, Barium meal,
Barium swallow  Small  bowel  enema,  Barium enema,  The  renal  tract,  Intravenous

5	urogrophy, Intravenous cholangiography operative and post operative cholangiography percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. 

The respiratory tract - Bronchography, Gynecology, Hysterosalpingography, Cardio vascular system, Angiography, aortography, cerebral angiography, Splenoportovenography, 
6	The Lymphatic system Lymphangiography Central nervous system Myelography Sialography Ultrasound +Guided procedures, General preparation care and CT scan guided procedures safety measures MRI. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Care of patient in diagnostic Radiography Chesney & Chesney (Blackwell Scientific) 

B.	Chesney’s Care of the patent in Diagnostic Radiography Pauline J clumer (Black well Scientific) 

C.	Aid to Tray and Trolley Setting Marjorie Hougton (Bacilliere) 

D.	First Aid Haugher & Gardner (Hamlyn) 

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

UNIT		CONTENTS				
			
1.	QA activities - Equipment selection phase, Equipment installation and acceptance phase,		
	Operational phase Preventive maintenance.				

	QA programme at radiological faculty level, Responsibility, Purchase, Specifications,		
	Acceptance’s Routine testing, Evaluation of results of routine testing, Record keeping		
	Quality assurance practical exercise in the X ray generator	and tube, Image receptors from		
2.	processing,  Radiographs	equipments  Fluoroscopic	equipments,	Mammographic		
	equipments, Conventional tomography, Computed tomography, Film processing manual		
	and automatic consideration for storage of film and chemicals, Faults tracing Accuracy of		
	imaging image distortion for digital imaging devices.				
			
	QA Programmed test, Light beam alignment, X-ray out-put and beam quality check KVp		
3.	check, Focal spot size and angle measurement, Timer check, MAs test, Grid alignment test,		
	High and low contrast resolutions Mechanical and electrical checks, test, Field alignment		
			
	test for fluoroscopic device, Resolution test, Phantom measurements-CT, US and MRI.		
			
	QA OF film and image recording devices, Sensitometry, Characteristic curve, Film latitude,		
4.	Film contrast, Film speed	Resolution distortion, artifacts	of films and	image recording,		
	Maintenance care of equipment Safe operation of equipment, Routine cleaning of equipment		
			
	and instruments-Cassette screen maintenance of automatic processor and manual processing		

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

units Routine maintenance of equipments records keeping and log book maintenance, Reject analysis and objective of reject analysis programme.

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Quality assurance in Diagnostic Radiology By J.M. Mcolemore (Year book of Medical Publishers) 

B.	Quality Control in diagnostic imagine” By J.E. Gray (University Park Press) 

C.	Processing and Quality Control “ By: William E.J. Mckinney (J.B. Lippincott Company) 

D.	Reading 4 - Concepts in Medical Radiographic imagine” By: Marianne Tortoic (W.B. Saunders Company) 

	RADIATION HAZARDS PREVENTION & SAFETY		
				
UNIT		CONTENTS		
				
		Radiation protection - principles, history & development-National & international agencies,		
1		AERB, BARC, ICRP, WHO,IAEA and their role, Equivalent dose, effective dose sievert-		
		rem, Sources of radiation-natural man made & internal exposures.		
				
		Biological effects of radiation - effects on cell-stochastic & deterministic effects-radiation		
2		risk-tissues at risk-genetic, somatic& fetus risk-risk at other industries, Does equivalent		
		limits philosophy-ICRP (60) AERB guidelines.		
				
		Planning of radiation installation-protection primary - leakage and scattered radiation,		
3		Concepts of workload use factor occupancy factor & distance, Barrier design barrier		
		materials-concrete brick & lead, Primary & secondary barrier design calculations, Design of		
				
		doors. Control of radiation-effects of time distance and shielding.		
				
		Personnel monitoring systems - Principle and objective-film badge-guidelines for use		
4		thermo luminescent dosimeter badge-pocket dosimeter, Area monitoring and radiation		
		survey practical use of survey meter, zone monitors and phantoms, Survey in x-ray,		
				
		fluoroscopy and CT scan units.		
				
		AERB safety code and ethics - Built in safety specification for diagnostic x-ray, fluoroscopy		
5		and CT units, Specification for radiation protection devices-room layout, Operational safety-		
		Radiation protection programme-Personnel requirements and responsibilities-regulatory		
				
		controls.		
				
		Patient protection - Safe work practice in diagnostic radiology, Radiation absorbed dose		
		from general dental fluoroscopy x-ray and CT examinations-X-ray examinations during		
6		pregnancy x-ray examinations associated with illness, not associated with illness-medico-		
		legal  or  insurance  purpose  x-ray  examination-medical  research  x-ray  avoidance  of		
		unnecessary radiation dose.		
				
7		Radiation emergencies-situation preparedness - safety and prevention-legal requirements		
		recent developments in radiation safety related topics.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

A.	Radiation Protection in Hospital. Richard F. Mould 

B.	Basic radiological physics. Jaypee bothers pvt. Ltd New Delhi 

C.	An Introduction to Radiation Protection Allen Martin “& Samuel 

D.	Radiation safety in Medical practice. M.M. Rechami 

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HOSPITAL PRACTICE AND

PATIENT CARE

UNIT	CONTENTS		
			
	Hospital procedure :Hospital staffing and organization records relating to patients and		
1	departmental statistic professional attitude of the technologist to patient and other members		
	of the staff medico legal aspects accident in the department appointment organization		
			
	minimizing waiting time out patient and follow up clinics stock taking and stock keeping.		
			
	Care of the patient First contact with patients in the department management of chair and		
	stretcher patients and aids for this management for the unconscious patient elementary		
2	hygiene personal cleanliness hygiene in relation to patient (for example clean linen and		
	receptacles nursing care temperature pulse and respiration essential care of the patient who		
			
	has a tracheotomy essential care of the patient who has a colostomy bedpans and urinals		
	simple application of a sterile dressing.		
			
	First aid : Aims and objective of first aids wounds and bleeding dressing and bandages		
	pressure and splints supports etc Shock insensibility asphyxia convulsions resuscitation use		
3	of suction apparatus drug reactions prophylactic measure administration of oxygen electric		
	shock  burns  scalds  hemorrhage  pressure  points  compression  band  Fracture  splints		
	bandaging dressing foreign bodies poisons.		
			
	Infection: Bacteria their nature and appearance spread of infections auto infection or cross		
	infection the inflammatory process local tissue reaction general body reaction ulceration		
4	aspects and antisepsis, Principles of asepsis Sterilization methods of sterilization use of		
	central sterile supply department care of identification of instruments surgical dressings in		
			
	common use including filament swabs, elementary operating theatre procedure setting of		
	trays and trolleys in the radiotherapy department (for study by radiotherapy students only).		
			
	Departmental procedures : Department staffing and organization records relating to patients		
	and departmental statistic professional attitude of the technologist to patient and other		
	members of the staff medico legal aspects accident in the department appointment		
5	organization minimizing waiting time out patient and follow up clinic stock taking and		
	stock keeping, Drugs in the department: Storage classification labeling and checking		
	regulations regarding dangerous and other drugs units of measurement special drugs ant		
	depressive antihypertensive etc.		

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Deeley-A guide to Radiotherapy nursing Living stone 

B.	Care of patient in diagnostic Radiography Chesney & Chesney 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

C.	Chesney’s Care of the patient in Diagnostic Radiography Pauline J.Culmer. 

D.	Aid to Tray and Trolley Setting Marjorie Hougton 

PATIENT CARE RELEVANT TO DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY-(P)

UNIT	CONTENTS	

Practical knowledge of patient care, Measuring of pulse, measuring of BP, preparation for radiological investigations, Contrast media application, reaction management, allergy test

1	care of Anaesthetic, Patient knowledge of catheterization, oxygen administration, biopsy Method, sympathetically and behavioral treatment, care of ambulatory patients Care of pregnant patient, non cooperating child dignity of patient etc. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Care of patient in diagnostic Radiography Chesney & Chesney (Blackwell Scientific) 

B.	Chesney’s Care of the patent in Diagnostic Radiography Pauline J clumer (Black well Scientific) 

C.	Aid to Tray and Trolley Setting Marjorie Hougton (Bacilliere) 

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY-(P)

UNIT	CONTENTS	

Practical of QA & QC, Knowledge of QA & QC test equipments, Various parameters of acceptance test of machine—KV, MA , time, x-ray output etc. inventory of machines, x –

1	ray tubes, cassettes, films etc. AMC/ CMC records and review, performance of machines as far as image quality, Grid test, fluoroscopy device test, phantom test, sensitivity test, LBD test etc. Resolution test of CT, MRI and USG, Use of sensitometer and densitometer. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Quality assurance in Diagnostic Radiology” By J.M. Mcolemore (Year book of Medical Publishers) 

B.	Quality Control in diagnostic imagine” By J.E. Gray (University Park Press) 

C.	Processing and Quality Control “ By: William E.J. Mckinney (J.B. Lippincott Company) 

D.	Concepts in Medical Radiographic imagine” By: Marianne Tortoic (W.B. Saunders Company) 

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS

RADIATION HAZARDS, CONTROL AND SAFETY-(P)

UNIT	CONTENTS	

Practical based on Radiation Hazards & control safety, Knowledge of all hazards, education of gen. Public by posters and seminars, Safety of women and children , pregnant women,

1	safety of patient attendants, non radiation workers hospital staff, checking of lead aprons, leakage radiation from tube head, radiation survey in and around X – ray installation, Use of TLD film badges and use of protective devices etc, Keeping of dose records of radiation workers, steps after high exposure report and investigations. 

LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials

ADDITIONAL READINGS:

A.	Radiation Protection in Hospital. Richard F. Mould Reference book 

B.	Basic radiological physics. Jaypee bothers pvt. Ltd New Delhi 

C.	An Introduction to Radiation Protection Allen Martin “& Samuel 

D.	Radiation safety in Medical practice. M.M. Rechami 

HOSPITAL TRAINING AFTER THE FINAL EXAMINATION 45

DAYS

DIPLOMA IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -  3 YEARS